The Leeward vs. Windward Side of a Mountain

In meteorology, leeward and windward are technical names for the directional sides of a mountain. The windward side is that side which faces the prevailing wind (upwind), whereas the leeward, or lee side, is the side sheltered from the wind by the mountains very elevation (downwind). Windward and leeward arent just arbitrary terms, they are important weather and climate factors. One is responsible for enhancing precipitation in the vicinity of mountain ranges, and the other, for withholding it. Windward Mountain Slopes Give Air (and Precipitation) a Boost Mountain ranges acts as barriers to the flow of air across the surface of the earth. When a parcel of warm air travels from a low valley region to the foothills of a mountain range, it is forced to rise along the slope of the mountain as it encounters higher terrain. As the air is lifted up the mountain slope, it cools as it rises (a process known as adiabatic cooling). This cooling often results in the formation of clouds, and eventually, precipitation which falls on the windward slope and at the summit. Known as orographic lifting, this event is one of three ways precipitation can form (the other two are frontal wedging and convection).   The Northwestern United States and the Front Range Foothills of Northern Colorado are two examples of regions that regularly see precipitation induced by orographic lift. Leeward Mountain Slopes Encourage Warm, Dry Climates Opposite from the windward side is the lee side -- the side sheltered from the prevailing wind. (Because prevailing winds in the mid-latitudes blow from the west, the lee side can generally be thought of as the eastern side of the mountain range. This is true most times -- but not always.) In contrast to the windward side of a mountain which is moist, the leeward side typically has a dry, warm climate. This is because by the time air rises up the windward side and reaches the summit, it has already stripped of the majority of its moisture. As this already dry air descends down the lee, it warms and expands (a process known as adiabatic warming), which causes clouds to dissipate and further reduces the possibility of precipitation. This occurrence is known as the rain shadow effect. It is the reason why locations at the base of a mountain lee tend to be some of the driest places on Earth. The Mojave Desert and Californias Death Valley are two such rain shadow deserts.   Downslope winds (winds that blow down the lee side of mountains) not only carry low relative humidity, they also rush down at extremely strong speeds and can bring temperatures as much as 50 degrees Fahrenheit warmer than the surrounding air. Katabatic winds, foehns, and chinooks are all examples of such winds. The Santa Ana Winds in Southern California are a well-known katabatic wind infamous for the hot, dry weather they bring in autumn and for fanning regional wildfires.

Cause And Effect Essay Mentally Disabled Friends, Why

Cause and Effect Essay: Mentally disabled friends, why? According to recent estimates from www.ncbi.nim.gov/books/NBK20369/, it states that approximately 20 percent of all Americans, or about 1 in 5 people that are over the age of 18 years do suffer from a diagnosable mental disorder in that specific year. Also, that four out of the ten leading causes of disability are major depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and obsessive compulsion disorder. I have found these estimates while I was researching some mental disorders for my entertainment and also some disorders as well, such as ADHD with ways to cope with it too. My favorite disorder that I have found was Schizophrenia, for it seems the most interesting to me. In due to it’s the only disorder that I at least know of that involves you being able to hear other peoples â€Å"voices† and end up believing in them, when in fact they aren’t real at all. The start of me getting interested in mental disabilities was my mother. You see, she was working at a company that’s main purpose is to help the folks that are considered to be mentally disabled by society. Her work company was called Public Health Solution’s, or P.H.S for short, and she loved that company no matter how irritated she’d get at the staff for doing something stupid. There was one time that she came home so upset, that she nearly was in tears because of something that had happened that day. So when I had asked her was happened she said, while trying so hard toShow MoreRelatedOf Mice And Men Essay 20152101 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿Discuss how a novel you have read reveals the imperfections of its society. Introduction 1. Introduce the topic of your essay: novels and themes 2. Thesis statement: has the novel used conventions to communicate the themes or not? 3. Introduce the main ideas of the novel the essay is exploring. 4. List the techniques and conventions the essay will discuss. 5. 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Changes in Political Culture Between 2004 and 2008 free essay sample

After reading all of the lecture notes and spending quite some time browsing the internet, I found three things that dramatically changed between the 2004 and 2008 Presidential elections. Media influence, technology and the change in demographics played major roles in the 2008 elections. Media influence was the number one change between 2004 and 2008. Although the media played a big part of the 2004 elections, that election does not compare to the media frenzy of 2008. In 2008, television became the primary medium for conveying the campaign to Americans. The television channels devoted hours a day to observing every small item, almost all of it live. Little was said back and forth between the campaigns that were not reported quickly by a media outlet. Across the medium, 67% of the time on cable came from talk format or live standup. Only 23% came from reported pieces in which correspondents have control of the message. (2) What press stories made a difference in 2008? There was more reporting on the background and character of candidates during the primaries, when the process of discovery was new and went on longer. Yet arguably, the two most important stories about Obama came from a church DVD (the sermon by the Rev. Jeremiah Wright Jr. ) and a tape made by a blogger doubling as a supporter (Mayhill Fowler) ,working for Huffington Post, who recorded Obama’s statement about bitter small-town voters. The reporting on Sarah Palin’s background in Alaska by various news organizations probably represents the most memorable example of first-hand, pro-active reporting into candidate backgrounds during the general election in 2008. 2) These are just a few of the examples of how the media bandwagon was so influential during 2008. It does not matter the party affiliation or beliefs, we all followed a certain media outlet of choice during that time. The second change between 2004 and 2008 was that Americans decided to get out and vote. Mainly due to the media frenzy, Americans stormed the ballot boxes none the less. Demographics were a very close second to the media during this time of change . The change in numbers is almost unbelievable. The electorate in last years presidential election was the most racially and ethnically diverse in U. S. history, with nearly one-in-four votes cast by non-whites, according to a new analysis of Census Bureau data by the Pew Research Center. (3) The unprecedented diversity of the electorate last year was driven by increases both in the number and in the turnout rates of minority eligible voters. Much of the surge in black voter participation in 2008 was driven by increased participation among black women and younger voters. The voter turnout rate among eligible black female voters increased 5. 1 percentage points, from 63. 7% in 2004 to 68. 8% in 2008. Among all racial, ethnic and gender groups, black women had the highest voter turnout rate in Novembers election a first. Overall, whites made up 76. 3% of the record 131 million people who voted in Novembers presidential election, while blacks made up 12. 1%, Hispanics 7. 4% and Asians 2. 5%. The white share is the lowest ever, yet is still higher than the 65. 8% white share of the total U. S. population. (3) The third and final thing that changed between the 2004 and 2008 Presidential elections was technology, especially the internet and social media sites. According to a survey conducted by Complete and released by Cisco about the influence of online video and social media applications on American’s political engagement, the Internet was cited by 62 percent of respondents as a regularly used source for 2008 presidential election information and coverage, which was surpassed only by television (82%). Nearly a quarter of Americans (24%) says that they regularly learned something about the campaign from the Internet; almost double the percentage from a comparable point in the 2004 campaign (13%). (4) The Internet has, and has forever, changed the role of how presidential campaigns are fought, and how Americans attain their political news and information. â€Å"Were it not for the Internet, Barack Obama would not be president. Were it not for the Internet, Barack Obama would not have been the nominee,† said Arianna Huffington, editor in chief of The Huffington Post, at a conference on ‘How Politics and Web 2. Intersect,’ at the Web 2. 0 Summit in San Francisco. (4) â€Å"The tools changed between 2004 and 2008. Barack Obama won every single caucus state that matters, and he did it because of those tools, because he was able to move thousands of people to organize,† Joe Trippi said. (4) In conclusion I can definitely see the major changes in political cultu re between the 2004 and 2008 Presidential elections. I also believe these changes started around the 2006 general elections and continued to progress for the next 2 years. It will be very interesting to watch the 2010 general elections and 2012 Presidential election to see how much influence the media and internet have. I think it will only progress until there is literally a live camera around anytime a candidate is in a public setting. Hopefully the trend of people getting out to vote is here to stay. For as Louis L’Amour said â€Å"To make democracy work, we must be a notion of participants, not simply observers.

Oscar Torres Essays (364 words) - Public Opinion, Communication

Oscar Torres Professor Johnson English 105 12 October 2017 Your Secret Desire It is time at last to speak about how one of your darkest deepest secret desires is being exploited by big advertisers. Advertisers use the propaganda tool of the bandwagon appeal to encourage people to buy product by appealing to the desire of not being different. Bandwagon propaganda has to be the most unethical technique explained in Ann McClintock's Propaganda Techniques in Today's Advertising because its strong psychological appeal. Bandwagon propaganda is very impactful in current society with its psychological appeal for people to be on the "winning team" but, it is not outweighed by the disadvantages. Current society is vulnerable to Bandwagon propaganda due to secret desire embedded into everyone. Bandwagon propaganda is an effective tactic because of instinctual appeal to the herd instinct hardwired into our brains. The herd instinct is still in today's society it can be seen everywhere an example would be if a person was lost they would follow someone who radiates confidence and looks like they know what they are doing. This instinct ties to the bandwagon technique by celebrity appearances in advertisements for instance you are dealing with acne and see a known clear faced Justin Bieber advocating for Proactiv you will most likely check out Proactiv and give it a try. Bandwagon propaganda explained by McClintock states the companies lure buyers by conforming them into the secretive norm of not being different embedded within us. Just like a coin there is another side of psychological tool of bandwagon propaganda. Furthermore the practice of bandwagon propaganda exerts pressure to those impacted stated by McClintock on Propaganda Techniques in Today's Advertising. The pressure is vented by companies using advertisements that exercise the "everyone is doing it. Why don't you?" mentality. This exploitation of a person's mentality is the most common use of the bandwagon tool in advertisement.McClintock's case is that Bandwagon propaganda appeals to our emotions. An example of this in today's society would be how people don't like to be left on trends, Without the bandwagon appeal trends would not be a thing everybody would be unique. Bandwagon propaganda is more psychological than the average consumer knows.

Outline labelling theory and consider its usefulness in understanding youth crime and anti-social behaviour in Britain today. Essays

Outline labelling theory and consider its usefulness in understanding youth crime and anti-social behaviour in Britain today. Essays Outline labelling theory and consider its usefulness in understanding youth crime and anti-social behaviour in Britain today. Essay Outline labelling theory and consider its usefulness in understanding youth crime and anti-social behaviour in Britain today. Essay Outline labelling theory and see its utility in understanding young person offense and anti-social behavior in Britain today. Labeling theory claims that aberrance and conformance consequences non so much from what people do but from how others respond to those actions, it highlights societal responses to offense and aberrance Macionis and Plummer, ( 2005 ) .Deviant behavior is hence socially constructed. This essay will depict in full the labelling theory and remark on the importance of the theory to the aberrant behavior of the young person and the anti-social behavior of the young person in Britain today. The labelling theory becomes dominant in the early 1960s and the late seventiess when it was used as a sociological theory of offense influential in disputing Orthodox positiveness criminology. The cardinal people to this theory were Becker and Lement.The foundations of this position of aberrance are said to hold been foremost established by Lement, ( 1951 ) and were later developed by Becker, ( 1963 ) .As a affair of fact the labelling theory has later become a dominant paradigm in the account of devience.The symbolic interaction position was highly active in the early foundations of the labelling theory. The labelling theory is constituted by the premise that aberrant behavior is to be seen non merely as the misdemeanor of a norm but as any behavior which is successfully defined or labelled as pervert. Deviance is non the act itself but the response others give to that act which means aberrance is in the eyes of the perceiver. Actually the labelling theory was built on Becker, ( 19 63:9 ) statement that Social groups create aberrance by doing the regulations whose misdemeanor constitute aberrance, and by using those regulations to peculiar people and labelling them as foreigners aberrance is non a quality of the act of a individual commits, but instead a effects of the application by others of regulations and countenances to an offender The pervert is one to whom that label has successfully been applied. Deviant behavior is behaviour that people so label. The manner out is a refusal to dramatise the immorality. The labelling theory connects to great sociological thoughts of Dukheim the symbolic interactionism and the struggle theory. The theory besides draws from the thought of Thomas ( 1928 ) that when people define state of affairss as existent they become existent in their effects. Lement, ( 1951-1972 ) distinguishes aberrance into primary and secondary aberrance in which he described primary aberrance as those small reactions from others which have small consequence on a individual s ego construct and secondary aberrance as when people push a aberrant individual out of their societal circles which leads the individual to be embittered and seek the company of the people who condone his behaviour.Lement farther argued that instead than seeing a offense as taking to command it may be more fruitful to see the procedure as one in which control bureaus structured and even generated offense. Secondary aberrance leads to what Goffman ( 1963 ) pervert calling. This will later leads to stigma which is a powerful negative societal label that radically changes a individual s ego construct and societal individuality. A condemnable prosecution is one manner that an person is labelled in a negative instead than in a positive manner. Stigmatizing people frequently leads to re trospective labelling which is the reading of person s past consistent with the present aberrance Seheff ; ( 1984 ) .Retrospective labelling distorts a individual s life in a damaging manner guided by stigma than any effort to be just. No societal category stands apart from others as being either condemnable or free from criminalism. However harmonizing to assorted sociologists people with less interest in society and their ain hereafter typically exhibit less opposition to some sorts of devience.Labelling theory asks what happens to felons after they have been labelled and suggests that offense may be highlighted by condemnable countenances therefore directing one to prison may assist to outlaw an single further. Stigmatizing immature wrongdoers may really take them into a condemnable calling. Howard S.Becker, ( 1963 ) one of the earlier interaction theoreticians claimed that societal groups create aberrance by doing the regulations whose misdemeanor constitute aberrance and by using those regulations to peculiar people and labelling them as foreigners. Furthermore the labelling theoretical attack to deviance dressed ores on the societal reaction to deviance committed by persons every bit good as the interaction processes taking up to the labelling. The theory therefore suggests that criminology has been given excessively much attending to felons as types of people and deficient attending to the aggregation of societal control responses. That hence means the jurisprudence, the constabulary, the media and the public publications helps to give offense its form. This is supported by the struggle theory which demonstrates how aberrance reflects inequalities and power.This attack holds that the causes of offense may be linked to inequalities of category, race and gender and that who or what is labelled as aberrant depends on the comparative power of classs of people.Cicourel s survey on Juvenile justness in California, ( 1972 ) pointed out that constabulary stereotypes result in black, white category young person being labelled felon. The struggle theory links aberrance to power in the signifier of the norms and the Torahs of most societies which bolster the involvements of the rich and powerful. The labelling theory links deviance non to action but to the reaction of others.The construct of stigma, secondary aberrance and aberrant calling demonstrates how people can integrate the label of aberrance into a permanent self-concept. Political leaders recognises that labelling was a political act for it made them aware on which regulations to implement, what behavior is to see as pervert and which people labelled as foreigners may necessitate political aid Becker, ( 1963-7 ) .Political leaders went on to bring forth a series of empirical surveies refering the beginnings of deviancy definitions through political actions in countries such as drugs statute law, moderation statute law, delinquency definitions, homosexualism, harlotry and erotica. Becker, ( 1963 ) examines the possible effects upon an person after being publically labelled as pervert. A label is non impersonal ; it contains an rating of the individual to whom it is applied. It will go a maestro label in the sense that it colours all the other positions possessed by an person. If one is labelled as a pedophile, condemnable or homosexual it is hard to reject such labels for those labels mostly overrides their original position as parents, worker, neighbour and friend. Others view that individual and respond to him or her in footings of the label and be given to presume that person has the negative features usually associated with such labels. Since an person s ego construct is mostly derived from the responses of others they will be given to see themselves in footings of that label. This may bring forth a ego carry throughing prognostication whereby the aberrant designation becomes the commanding 1. This links to the interactionist attack which emphasizes the im portance of the significances the assorted histrions bring to and develops within the interaction state of affairs. However the labelling theory has its failings which includes Liazos, ( 1972 ) who noted that although the labelling theoreticians aims to humanize the aberrant person and show that he or she is no different than other persons except possibly in footings of chance. It nevertheless by the really accent on the pervert and his individuality jobs and subculture the opposite consequence may hold been achieved. He farther suggested that while sing the more usual mundane types of aberrance such as homosexualism, harlotry and juvenile delinquency the labelling theoreticians have wholly ignored a more unsafe and malevolent types of aberrance which he termed covert institutional force. He pointed out that this type of force leads to such things as poorness and development for illustration the war in Vietnam, unfair revenue enhancement Torahs, racism and sexism. It is questionable whether labelling theoreticians should even try to discourse signifiers of aberrance such as this in the same manner as more platitude single offenses or whether the two should be kept wholly separate being so different in capable affair. Akers, ( 1994 ) besides criticized the labelling theory by indicating out that it fails to explicate why people break the jurisprudence while the bulk conform explicating that people go about minding their ain concern and so wham-bad society comes along and stops them with a stigmatised label. The theory fails to explicate why the moral enterprisers react in the mode described but instead incriminations society and portrays felons as inexperienced person victims which is non ever the instance. To counter for the negative effects of punitory steps to youth offense and anti-social behavior the British authorities introduced the ASBO and ABC which means anti societal behavior orders and acceptable behaviors respectively.ASBO and ABC are recent developments in Britain which were designed to set a halt to anti-social behavior by the person on whom they are imposed.ASBO is a statutory creative activity and it carries legal force where as an ABC is an informal process though non without legal significance. Both types of intercessions are aimed at halting the job behavior instead than penalizing the wrongdoer which may take an single into a aberrant calling. The ABC proved most effectual as a agency of promoting immature grownups, kids and parents to take duty for unacceptable behavior. These steps are being used to better the quality of life for local people by undertaking behaviors such as torment, graffito, condemnable harm and verbal maltreatment without outlawing the wrongdoe r. The offense and upset act ( 1998 ) contains the cardinal elements of labor s new young person justness system which saw the constitution of the young person justness and the restructuring of the non tutelary punishments available to the young person tribunal. The authorities believed that forestalling piquing promotes the public assistance of the single immature wrongdoer and protects the populace. The young person justness board oversees the young person piquing squads which has a figure of functions including measuring the hazard and protective factors in a immature individual s life that relate to their piquing behavior to enable effectual intercessions to be implemented, supplying support to immature people who have been released from the detention into the community and early intercession and preventive work both in criminalism and anti-social behavior. To further cut down the effects of labelling the British authorities is undertaking anti-social behavior and its causes by undertaking household jobs, hapless instruction attainment, unemployment, intoxicant and drug abuse. The most successful intercessions to be implemented where noted to be those that engage the person in altering their ain behavior. This is being done guaranting that an single understands the impact of their behavior to the community whilst offering the necessary support to conform. Rather than labelling and outlawing an single the British authorities came up with effectual advice, councelling and support that enable people who behave anti-Socially to alter their behavior. Perpetrators immature and grownups have issues in their lives that require the aid and support of professional, statutory or voluntary administrations. Issues like money direction and debt, communicating troubles with the household, immature people fighting within the educational or employment because of piquing behavior and victims of domestic force can all profit from available services in Britain today. This essay hence concludes that labelling theory is tremendously influential in directing attending towards the relation and slightly arbitrary nature of dominant definitions of offense and criminalism in Britain. It besides critizes the condemnable justness and the bureaus of societal control for it reflects on the effects of our societal reaction and advocators for alterations in public policy on juvenile justness, renewing justness, de-institutionalisation and communitarian attacks. The powerful penetrations of the labelling theory made the British governments to rethink once more on the tough on offense stance hence the debut of new renewing steps which does non label or outlaw immature wrongdoers. The labelling theory is hence rather utile in understanding that the rise in the yob civilization, gang civilization and hoody civilization in Britain was a consequence of outlawing immature wrongdoers instead than turn toing issues taking the immature into offense and anti-social beha vior. Mentions Berker and Howard, S ( 1963 ) Outsiders: Studies in the sociology of aberrance, New York: free imperativeness Goffman, E ( 1963 ) Stigma: Notes on the direction of spoilt individuality, Prentice-hall Hall, S ( 1978 ) Patroling the crisis, The Macmillan imperativeness LTD Haralambos, M and Holborn ( 1991 ) Sociology subjects and positions, Collins instruction. Macionis, J and Plummer, K ( 2005 ) Sociology a planetary debut, Pearson instruction limited. Taylor et Al, ( 1973 ) the new criminology for a societal theory of devience, Routledge

The significance of locale, criminality and sexuality in So I Am Glad by A.L. Kennedy The WritePass Journal

The significance of locale, criminality and sexuality in So I Am Glad by A.L. Kennedy Introduction The significance of locale, criminality and sexuality in So I Am Glad by A.L. Kennedy Introduction Certain themes prevail throughout much of Gothic literature. These include sexuality, the notion of the ‘other’, the uncanny, and the exploration of the ‘haunted house’. In AL Kennedy’s So I Am Glad, many of these themes are present. This paper will examine sexuality, criminality and locale in Kennedy’s novel.   It will argue that Jennifer, the protagonist, is an example of the ‘dangerous woman’ found throughout literature; that her sexuality is inextricably bound with notions of transgression and criminality. Finally, it will argue that locale, and particularly the notion of ‘home’ plays an integral role in the fabric of Kennedy’s text. Science fiction as a genre tends to be androcentric; within this framework female heroines with a more masculine persona are generally juxtaposed with ‘alien’ characters (Leitch, et. al. (Eds.), 2010: 81). The otherness of the alien symbolises the outsider, one who is cut off from heteronormative, white, male, middle-class society (Germana, 2010: 61). Jennifer is similarly removed from what is ‘normal’. In fact her vocation is that of a disembodied voice.   This removal is manifested when she is detached and absent from herself during masturbation, seeing own body as a sort of ‘other’ or alien presence: ‘I am a partner, I am one half of a larger, insane thing that flails and twists and flops itself together in ways far too ridiculous for daylight’ (Kennedy, 2000: 4).   In pleasuring herself, she is the ‘other’; she is ‘insane’ and ‘ridiculous’. This otherness points to something beyond hers elf that cannot be rationalised or understood; it illuminates an unsolved mystery that is a perpetual theme in Gothic literature (Khair, 2009: 31; Maturin and LeFanu in Punter (Ed.), 2001: 88). Jennifer is cut off from her body and her sexuality in acts of onanism, but she is most present when she assumes the violent, sadistic male persona of Captain Bligh, her male alter ego. The actual alien or other in the novel is Savinien, yet it is Jennifer who is an outsider through her sexual proclivities with her sexual partner, Steve.   Jennifer’s sexuality is that of the unnatural, masculinised woman. This resonates with a long tradition in Scottish culture and literature surrounding the ‘dangerous’ woman (Germana, 2010: 63).   Like Lady Macbeth, the quintessential dark feminine in literature, Jennifer unsexes herself to become something that is subversive to the traditional notion of womanhood. Instead of nurture or femininity, she personifies extreme aggression a nd violence through Captain Bligh.   A feminist interpretation would suggest that Kennedy here portrays the Female Gothic perspective, in overturning any preconceived notions of gender roles that the reader might possess; the complexity of Jennifer’s sexuality and draw to domination is appropriate for the Gothic genre, as it seeks to portray intricate concepts (Smith, 2007: 8). In literature the witch, or what Germana calls the ‘mad, bad and dangerous’ woman does not represent a hybrid sexuality. Rather, her female sexuality is subversive; it is portrayed as being monstrous.   This representation is closely connected to a fear of male castration. (Germana, 2010: 66)   The female is no longer passive and subject to the control of patriarchal domination and control; her body is terrifying and ‘monstrous’ now not because she herself is castrated, as Freud posited, but because she has the power to castrate a man.   It has been asserted that this vision of the ‘monstrous’ woman is a common theme throughout the literary canon as well as in modern literature, film and art (Seigneuret, (Ed.), 1988: 183). In So Am I Glad, Jennifer ultimately takes on the role of castrator with Steven in their sexual activities. He is bound to the table with his male genitalia removed from sight and rendered irrelevant. He assumes a female position and she stands over him with his own belt. The belt and the hard metal clasp are the relentless phallus that inflicts pain on Stevens exposed buttocks.   It is notable that pain itself is a recurring Gothic theme; like the Romantics, Gothic authors are fascinated with pain (Bruhm, 1994: xvi). As Jennifer represents the witch, or madwoman, Savinien, as a revenant, links themes of sexuality and death.   Ghosts inhabit a liminal space between the two worlds of life and death; they represent the desire to return to embodied state along with a pull towards self-annihilation. Jennifer’s disembodied voice and Savinien’s ghost mirror the dualistic nature of the text itself. Writing is itself a kind of wound, of damage, as well as an elegy of loss and mourning. Jennifer is, in the text, forming an elegy for Savinien, driven by loss and desire. The text itself echoes this desire and seduction; Kennedy establishes an intimacy with the reader through her use of the word ‘you’; barriers are brought down and reestablished, must as characters in the book appear and disappear, as an echo of the transience of the text, and of life itself (Germana, 2010: 142-3). Savinien’s embodiment of both desire and death act as an integral component within the text.   When he speaks of the connection between ‘la mort’, and ‘l’amour’, he indicates a tension between the immediacy of the body, or of a text, and the simultaneous separation and absence, the removal of the reader from the text, as the lover must inevitably be separated from the beloved (Hunter, 1984: 23). This is acknowledged when Jennifer notes, ‘†¦I knew the love he meant, the one that included darkness and loving on alone.’ (Kennedy, 2000: 232). There is also a close and integral connection between sexuality and criminality in So I Am Glad. This is in keeping with what Andrew Smith terms the ‘demands’ that modern literature, and particularly the Gothic genre, makes of readers. The reader must embark on a voyage through the complexities of refurbished mythologies. These mythologies highlight the moral ambiguity and vacu ity of modern existence (Ellis, 2001: 6). Gothic literature examines the erosion of values and expresses concerns about contemporary amorality. In contrast to modernism, which complemented the motif of the disintegrated self common to Gothic texts, post-modernism is even more appropriate within a Gothic framework; it questions the idea that the world is in any way coherent or rational. (Smith, 2007: 141). It is by transcending the limits of rational logic that the subtle nuances of human existence can be broached and deciphered. This amorality is demonstrated in Jennifer’s actions towards Steve. She is acutely aware that her actions are criminal, yet this crime is bound up in her own concept of the nature of love itself: Naturally, if you beat a man, you will eventually be looking not at him, but at what you have made of him.   But looking at him before you have caused enough change on that body, in that body, this may be a problem.   What will solve the problem beautifully and for ever will be the handcuffs –love, as I understand it.   Fix your man securely   and you need only look at him when you wish, you will already know where to strike (Kennedy, 2000: 94). Jennifer’s perpetration of a crime with Steven is an echo of an earlier crime; that of her parents towards her, when she is forced to act as unwilling sexual voyeur. Botting notes that ‘The child does not watch the primal scene by accident; s/he watches it as an effect of the parents’ letting it be seen. It is a making-see, an exhibition’ (Punter and Bronfen in Botting, F. (Ed.), 2001: 9-10).   The passive aggression of the parents is later made manifest in the adult child.   There is a violation here, and a violence that is a recurring motif in the modern Gothic. Contemporary Gothic literature cannot be separated from the idea of violation; it is concern with reconstituting a message or idea that has already been stained, spoiled or rendered impure.   The child’s perspective, as shown in So I Am Glad, is a frequent motif within the Gothic; it is also an example of the subject that has been violated yet is not conscious of the seductive trauma that has been absorbed (Elliott, 2004: 66). Sadism is the primary form of criminality and violation in the novel and is a recurring theme; Jennifer must submit to the violation of watching her parents’ intercourse; Steve is dominated by Jennifer; and Savinien exerts domination over two different dogs, and ultimately over James. It could additionally be argued that Savinien ultimately dominates Jennifer, in that she is unable to maintain her objective detachment and ‘calmness’ in the face of her experience of him.   Sadism and masochism are psychological readings of relationships in both the political and personal realms, and the theme of power and mastery is particularly resonant in Gothic literature.   Elements of submission, domination and power are essential factors in the ultimate Gothic tale (Thomson, Voller and Frank (Eds.), 2001: 369). Those elements are represented in a completely unrationalised manner, transcending the constraints of materiality which are part and parcel of modern literature. Gothic literature has a long tradition of an established relationship between a ghost and the space in which it haunts.   Scottish literature in particular is suited to this symbiosis; the ‘uncanny’ is inextricably linked to Scotland’s identity as the ‘other’, that place that is beyond the borders of the normative, that exists in a liminal space.   The sweeping, fluid geography of the Scottish Isles is indicative of the unbroken seam between the material and spiritual worlds; Scottish Gothic texts exhibit a similar continuity between the identity of the ghost character and the world in which they move (Germana, 2010: 135-6).   In So I Am Glad, the primary locale is structured around the notion of ‘home’. Notably, in discussing the uncanny, Freud argued that alienation and dispossession are integrally connected to notions of home, and that which is homely (Royle, 2003: 6). Therefore, a domestic locale is well suited to accommodate th e ghostly. Ratmoko points out that the etymology of the verb ‘to haunt’ is ‘to inhabit’.   Home is a place where one might find safety in which to capitalise on sensation, and to be in complete control of one’s environment (Ratmoko,  2005: 77). Kennedy explores this by underlining the notion of ‘home’ as going hand in hand with the development of Jennifer’s love for Savinien.   Early in the book Savinien recalls witnessing an eclipse as he walks home; the experience gives him a sense of his own corporeality and the terror of his existence. When Arthur manages to shake Savinien out of his deep depression, Jennifer finishes the account with ‘We went home then.’ (Kennedy, 2000: 195).   In this instance, home is resolution, shelter. As Savinien and Jennifer move into a full-blown relationship, home becomes a domestic place, or in Arthur’s words, ‘home sweet home’, full of Arthur’s baking and Savinien’s gardening (both traditionally feminine pursuits, which act as a foil to Jennifer’s more ‘masculine’ detachment) (Kennedy, 2000: 205).   Jennifer asks Savinien to plant a ‘Paradise Garden for little old us’, the ultimate home and refuge. Immediately afterwards, they make love: ‘We will be here again, at that first time in again, at that starting of being home, and rolling home, and finding home again.’ (Kennedy, 2000: 212). ‘Home’ is, of course, a house haunted by the revenant of Cyrano de Bergerac; yet for Jennifer that hauntedness is a being ‘in’, a living inside her ghostly lover (Mighall, 2003: 83). The surety of this ‘home’ is juxtaposed with constant uncertainty; the novel is full of people leaving home, disappearing, coming back again: Liz, Paul, Savinien, even Jennifer herself. She appears and disappears repeatedly; this is echoed by Arthur at the end of the novel when he comments that it will be nice to have her not ‘disappearing at all hours’.   Spirits or ghosts are spectres and illusions; the living are not permitted to keep hold of them, to possess or control them; the relationship between Savinien and Jennifer seems like â⠂¬Ëœhome’, but actually highlights the impossibility of true knowledge (Kennedy, 2000: 138). Ultimately, the ‘home’ or haunted house of their love is disrupted when Savinien goes to another ‘home’, the place of his death, Sannois. In conclusion, it can be stated that the author portrays the sexuality of the main character in an unconventional manner.   Jennifer’s female-oriented description of sexual acts as well as the use of her male alter ego are indicative of her willingness to transgress the boundaries imposed by the control mechanisms of patriarchal domination and control. The main character takes control of her sexuality through the element of monstrousness and her ability to be a castrator of men.   Her sexuality is neither masculine nor androgynous. Instead, it is the consummate representation of female power, embodied in Jennifer’s capacity to command the emotional and physical resources in order to carry out sadomasochistic practices. The depiction of desensitised sexual practices is linked to the criminality manifested in the amoral nature of modern existence. The individualistic complexities of the character underline the importance of moral ambiguity in the value system of the c haracter and society at large. Gothic literature has become a significant medium for the analysis of the erosion of values which give rise to the context of contemporary amorality. . Gothic literature differentiates itself from modernist tendencies by discarding altogether the idea that the modern world is rational in any way whatsoever. The practices described by the author are therefore indicative of a willingness on the part of the main character to disengage from the world and to apply her own distorted system of values to her existence and interaction with others. In the uncanny concept of locale, home is a way of resolving the seemingly unsolvable complexities of existence.   It is a place where mundane activities offset the unconventionality of Jennifer’s sexual practices. In that context, it become as space for domestication as well as a geography of desire and mystery that elevates the main character. Home is the locale which juxtaposes the emptiness of sudden and continual departures and a place haunted by the ghosts of her own making. Bibliography Bruhm, S. (1994) Gothic Bodies: The Politics of Pain in Romantic Fiction, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, PA Elliott, A. (2004) Social Theory Since Freud: Traversing Social Imaginaries, Routledge, London Ellis, M. (2001) The History of Gothic Fiction, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh Germana, M. (2010) Scottish Womens Gothic and Fantastic Writing: Fiction Since 1978, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh Hunter, L. (1984) Rhetorical Stance in Modern Literature: Allegories of Love and Death, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke and New York, NY Kennedy, A. L. (2000) So I am Glad, Alfred Knopf, New York, NY Khair, T. (2009) The Gothic, Postcolonialism and Otherness: Ghosts from Elsewhere, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke and New York Leitch, V. et. al. (Eds.) (2010), The Norton Anthology of Theory and Criticism, W. W. Norton Company, New York, NY Maturin, C. and LeFanu, J.   (2001) Irish Gothic in Punter, D. (Ed.) A Companion to the Gothic, pp. 81-94, Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford Mighall, R. (2003) A Geography of Victorian Gothic Fiction: Mapping Historys Nightmares, Oxford University Press, Oxford Punter, D. and Bronfen, E. (2001) Gothic: Violence, Trauma and the Ethical in Botting, F., The Gothic, D.S. Brewer, Cambridge Ratmoko,  D. (2005)  On  Spectrality:  Fantasies  of  Redemption  in  the  Western  Canon, Peter Lang, New York, NY Royle, N. (2003) The Uncanny, Manchester University Press, Manchester Seigneuret, J. C. (Ed.) (1988) Dictionary of Literary Themes and Motifs: A-J, (Volume 1), Greenwood Press, Westport, CT Smith, A. (2007) Gothic Literature, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh Thomson, D., Voller, J. and Frank, F. (Eds.) (2001) Gothic Writers: A Critical and Bibliographical Guide, Greenwood Press, Westport, CT

What Causes Market Inefficiency (microeconomics) Assignment

What Causes Market Inefficiency (microeconomics) - Assignment Example Market failures, like most market functions, are about information. Markets work the best when they use prices to signal information to producers and consumers the social cost of an item, and allow them to choose among the best options using this information. When markets cant do so, they fail. One of the worst types of market failure is the externality. â€Å"An externality is an impact of an economic transaction that falls on someone outside the transaction. The nice smell of your neighbors barbecue is an example of a positive externality, and your insomnia when he buys new sub-woofers would be a negative one. These externalities are treated as rare occurrences in economic theory, but the reality is that external effects of our actions are everywhere† (Larson, 2009). Externalities in conventional economic theory are treated as a problem because they prevent producers and consumers from making efficient decisions: If a product made with more pollution costs less, then the society has to pay for pollution. But externalities have all sorts of other impacts. Financial externalities are to blame for the current meltdown: Companies like AIG externalized risk onto the rest of the economy. Global warming, pollution, habitat loss, species extinction, deforestation, and ind ustrial accidents hurting workers are all examples of externalities. Externalities, unfortunately, have an almost infinite number of sources. Any market that involves industrial production, for example, can have pollution as an externality. The same thing is true of any agricultural market that uses deforestation as a mechanism to gain real estate. If it is cheaper to overwork workers, or have them in unsafe conditions, even considering legal liability, then unsafe working conditions will be an externality caused by the expensiveness of safety mechanisms. And some industries make extensive money off of

GOLF Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

GOLF - Assignment Example The players competing in a golf game use varied types of clubs to place a ball into a series of holes scattered across a golf course. The size and dimensions of a golf course are not well defined as in other sports. Each golf course has a unique design and layout and may have either eighteen or nine holes. Each hole in a golf course has a teeing ground that is â€Å"the starting point of each hole, where the tee markers are (PGA Professional 20)†. A teeing ground comprises of a bounded tee area that includes the putting green and varied hazards like rough and fairway. Putt pertains to a shot made by a golfer with a golf club to make the ball roll. Putting green happens to be â€Å"the most closely mown and smooth area on the course, which is specifically prepared for putting and on which the hole is placed (PGA Professional 16)†. Hazards consist of bunkers filled with sand or some other stuff and water hazards like ponds and ditches that make the game more complex. A si ngle round of golf involves rolling the golf balls in all the holes on a golf course as per a specific order. This order is set as per the layout of a particular golf course. In a golf course consisting of nine holes, the rules are the same except the fact that a game comprises of two following nine-hole rounds. A Player is usually required to keep on hitting a ball until it is holed that is put in a hole. Golf is a game that could be played either individually or in groups. The player who manages to put the ball in all the holes during a round by resorting to the least number of strokes in a round is considered to be the winner. Mainly there are two basic types of golf that are match play and stroke play. In match play, each hole is considered to be a separate contest, and of the two players or teams, the one that wins the maximum number of holes is declared to be the winner. In stroke play, the strokes made by each player to push the ball in every single hole are

Two Dimensional Materials, Tools And Processes Essay Example for Free

Two Dimensional Materials, Tools And Processes Essay Introduction Artists throughout the centuries have utilized medium and formulated its distinction together with themselves. Understanding a work of art does not plainly rely on the history, the artist and the purpose or them, sometimes there is more to it that people fail to analyze. Some people disregard the materials and processes utilized in order to accomplish a specific artwork. Indeed there is more to materials than just things or medium used in order to accomplish art. The following will showcase two sample masterpieces that display meaning with the help of the materials, processes and other tools. â€Å"Prophet† by Emile Nolde (p. 217) Essentially, the heart of this piece revolves around the material conveyed and the message that it displays. Nolde used woodcutting that exposed a more recognizable effect of emotion as seen in the piece. Woodcutting is a relief process that creates a different form of line control due to the effect of the ink being pushed down the areas and wiped from its surface. It enhances the lines even more and produces a more deeper representation of texture. As seen in the â€Å"Prophet†, Nolde takes advantage of woodcuts to get a more expressed feeling of emotion in the face of the main element of the piece. The title and the piece correlates well with each other but the over-all effect wont be possible without Noldes use of woodcuts. In order for him to portray the more expressed feelings of spirituality and deep emotion, he needed to create lines and texture that arouse viewers. Most works that utilized this kind of medium showcases deeper effects in the aspect of emotions. The lines of these works show more feelings and the overall presence compels viewers. The boldness in the effect seen in the piece creates a critical dependency on the material and the process incorporated to accomplish the work.   Clearly, the masterpiece showcases a typical German Expressionist message. The jagged lines, the dented areas and the woods textured grain efficiently collaborates well with the main message being carried out from this faithful mans face. The â€Å"Prophet† is clearly one of the works that displays a definitive importance when it comes to materials and how it was processed just to be accomplished. Emile Nolde relied on a more deeper expression and a bolder portrayal of his message in the piece. He achieved it by incorporating woodcutting as the means. Clearly, if he used a different medium, the effect wont be as greater than this. â€Å"Hurricane Over Horsemen and Trees† by Leonardo Da Vinci (p. 195) In this masterpiece, Leonardo used pen and ink over black chalk with wash on grey washed paper. He skilfully made use of the effect of pen and ink on a grey washed paper that led to an assisting effect with regards to the subject of the work, which tangles with nature. His utilization of his great imagination is displayed along with the effect of the power of nature. This wont be realized without his expert choice of medium. Creating that natural occurrence effect shows a more descriptive form of representation. There is definitely a mythical touch to it as seen in the elements composing the work. Deeper understanding of why that material and medium is used can be concluded in such different ways, but as a viewer, there is such importance to its role that it dictates the whole effect of the artwork. Without his use of Pen, the lines wont be as fine as it looks like and the circular effects wont be as effective as it looks. The use of grey washed paper highlights the floating effect of the elements which in turn reflects a much stronger expression as seen in the textures and shadows. Conclusion Such is the importance of materials, tools and processes on artwork that it assists on a major scale. Its critical role emphasizes effectiveness and suggests a deeper representation or understanding regarding the masterpiece itself. REFERENCES Sayre, H. (2006). A World of Art. New York: Prentice Hall. http://www.wsu.edu/~delahoyd/20th/expressionism.html http://www.universalleonardo.org/trail.php?trail=198work=354 https://courses.worldcampus.psu.edu/art001su08/course/lesson09/print.html

Argumentative Essay: Guns Do NOT Kill People :: Argumentative Persuasive Gun Control

Many stories like the following occur, but are hardly every published: Three robbers entered a Commerce City, Colo., residence, one of them pulled a knife, according to officials. The two men and a woman apparently had planned to rob an acquaintance: but the homeowner resisted the threat, drawing his semiautomatic handgun and shooting the two men. After the three fled, they called for medical help from a cousin's house. The police followed shortly thereafter. "As soon as they get out of the hospital, we'll be there to meet and greet them," said Sgt. Craig Coleman of the Adams County Sheriff's Dept. (rifleman) These are two of many different stories that are produced monthly by the magazine American Rifleman. Every issue gives 4 to 7 stories on how handgun's save lives everyday. There are many people who believe that a handgun can save your life, but there also people who believe that they are just used for bad guys to kill. The Constitution states that we have the right to keep and bare arms, but there are some groups that have decided that is not right. They will do whatever it takes to change Amendment 2. This year there was a new gun law added to the long list of gun laws. In Colorado and Oregon the law was passed with a huge margin. The law states that you can not buy a gun at a gun show without a background check, and for it to be a gun show there only needs to be 3 or more people. So, in other words many of the police officers in the world will now be breaking the law when the switch guns with other officers. For instance, there are four officers standing around at the police station, and a couple of them decided to try out each others gun for a day or two. Under this new law, the officers have now broken the law. Many gun owners say there is no need for this new law. The NRA and many other pro-gun groups did everything they could try and make sense of it to people. Even after spending almost 2 million dollars, they still failed. (Kleck). Sarah Brady, Chair of Handgun Control, Inc, was quoted when she said, " These two overwhelming victories clearly demonstrate that al l Americans, including gun owners, support responsible gun laws which keep criminals from buying guns.

Nike Executive Summary

Is Nike Worth the Buy? Thomas Senyard Issue It has been a week since Nike’s analyst meeting in which management unveiled a plan to revitalize the company. Kimi Ford wonders, is Nike a good buy for her mutual fund? Background Nike’s recent market share has been declining. The new strategy that management introduced plans to develop a better mid-priced shoe, to push their apparel line and to put more effort into expense control. Lehman Brothers say that Nike is a strong buy, but UBS Warburg and CSFB analysts recommend not buying right now.Analysis There are several different methods that can be used to find the WACC and use it to decide whether a stock will be a good buy or not. The Earning’s Capitalization Model is not appropriate in this case because it does not work well for growing companies, as Nike is trying to do, and the Dividend Discount Model has several subjective inputs making it inferior to the CAPM method of determining WACC. Using this method Nikeâ⠂¬â„¢s WACC is found to be 9. 8%.Using this Nike is found to have very good returns on capital, with a reasonable amount of debt, at not too high of a cost. This WACC figure is higher than the one that Ford used, but it still shows us that the stock is undervalued, but by only about $15. This leads to a recommendation that Ford’s mutual fund should add Nike to its portfolio, and from the financial and debt ratios calculated, we get information that says Nike should continue to grow to higher stock prices after reaching the price it was valued at today.

Bukidnon Deer Park and Wildlife Center Reaction Paper Essay

On August 26, 2012 I visited the Bukidnon Deer Park and Wildlife Center located at San Miguel, Maramag, Bukidnon. The purpose of the trip was to look at some fascinating wild animals that live from different parts of the world and to learn more about them. The first animals I visited were the mammals. Mammals are class of warm-blooded vertebrate animals that have, in the female, milk-secreting organs for feeding the young. The animals available at the park that represents this class were the Long-tailed Macaques (Macaca fascicularis), Palawan Bear Cat (Arctictus binturong), Common Palm Civet (Paradoxuros hermaphrodites), Balabac Mouse Deer (Tragulus nigricans), Leopard Cat (Pronailarus bengalensis), Philippine Mouse Deer (Cervus marianus), and lastly the Wild Pig (Sus philippinensis). After we have visited the mammals we then go straight to the Aves. But on the way to the Aves we came along to pass by the Japanese Koi (Cyprinus carpio). These are carps with red-gold or white coloring, kept as an aquarium or ornamental pond fish, native in Japan. They were so fun to watch. Finally we arrive where the Aves are caged. Aves are two-legged, warm-blooded animals with wings, a beak, and body covered with feathers. These animals lay eggs from which their young hatch, and most of the species can fly. The animals available at the park that represents this class were the Philippine Serpent Eagle (Spilornis holospilus), Brahminy Kite (Haliastur indicus), Single-wattled Cassowary (Casuarius unappendiculatus), Dwarf Cassowary (Cassuarius bennetti), Indian Blue Peafowl (Pavo cristatus), Indian Ringneck Parakeet (Psittacula krameri), Blue-naped Parrot (Tanygnathus lucionensis), Pied Imperial Pigoen (Ducula bicolor), Nicobar Pigeon (Caleonas nicobarica), Golden Pheasant (Chrysolophus pictus), Spotted Imperial Pigeon (Ducula carola), Lady Amherst Pheasant (Chrysolophus amherstiae), Blacked-chinned Fruit Dove (Ptilinopus leclancheri), True Silver Pheasant (Lophura nycthemera), Mindanao Rofous Hornbill (Buceros hydrocorax mindanensis), Visayan Hornbill (Penelopide panini ), and lastly the African Ostrich (Struthio camelius) which I liked the most because of its beautiful eyes and long eyelashes. Ostrich is also the largest and fastest living bird. It is a two-toed fast-running bird with a long bare neck, small head, and fluffy dropping feathers. But sad to say, it cannot fly. The third and last animal I visited were the reptiles. Reptiles are animals with tough, dry skin covered with horny scales. Reptiles are vertebrates – animals with backbone. They share characteristics common to other vertebrates – fish, amphibians, birds, and mammals. But reptiles display a unique combination of characteristics that distinguishes them from other vertebrates. Like amphibians, modern reptiles are cold-blooded, or ectothermic. This means that they are unable to produce their own body heat, so they rely on the sun for body warmth, and much of their behavior is directed toward regulating their body temperature. Some of the most widespread living reptiles are turtles, lizards, snakes, crocodiles, and alligators. The park only exhibit crocodiles among the class reptilian. They have the Saltwater Crocodile (Crocodylus porosus), and the Philippine Crocodile (Crocodylus mindorensis). The Bukidnon Deer Park and Wildlife Center helped for the maintenance of these wild animals that are near to endangerment and they also hatch eggs and do breeding for these animals to survive in this cruel world. This is very important so that our next generation can still see this wonderful creatures and gain knowledge at them.

Child Depression Inventory Essay Example

Child Depression Inventory Essay Example Child Depression Inventory Essay Child Depression Inventory Essay A brief self-report test that helps assess cognitive, affective and behavioral signs of depression in children and adolescents 7 to 17 years old. Application: The Children’s Depression Inventory contains 27 items, each of which consists of three statements. For each item, the individual is asked to select the statement that best describes his or her feelings for the past two weeks. The assessment is designed for a variety of situations, including schools, child guidance clinics, pediatric practices, and child psychiatric settings. Administration: The Children’s Depression Inventory is used by clinicians and counselors to help: * Assess self-reported key symptoms of depression, such as a child’s feelings of worthlessness and loss of interest in activities * Support diagnosis and treatment planning * Conduct clinical research Time Requirements: 10 – 15 minutes Scoring and Interpretation: * Negative Mood * Interpersonal Difficulties * Negative Self-Esteem * Ineffectiveness * Anhedonia Norms The normative sample used for scoring the CDI was divided into groups based on age (ages 7–11,12–17) and gender. The normative sample includes 1,266 public school students (592 boys, 674 girls), 23%of whom were African-American, American Indian or Hispanic in origin. Twenty percent of the children came from single-parent homes. The internal consistency coefficients range from . 71 to . 89 and the test-retest coefficients range from . 74 to . 83 (time interval two-three weeks). The CDI Manual documents the discriminant and concurrent validity research, the factor structure, and the CDI’s sensitivity to change. The manual also includes an annotated bibliography. Outline Research Question: Is Child Depression Inventory (CDI) a reliable and appropriate assessment for depression diagnosis in children ages 7 to 17 years old? Introduction: This section will be used for explanation and history of CDI. Body: Research and critical review of literature. o What studies have been conducted on CDI effectiveness? o How reliable are these studies? o Has CDI resulted in diagnosis of depression in children 7 – 17? Conclusion: Was CDI found to be effective? Is there any further research needed? References: At least 12 references about CDI effectiveness.

The Word of the Year 2011

The Word of the Year 2011 The Word of the Year 2011 The Word of the Year 2011 By Mark Nichol Each year at about this time, the English-language media rolls out various reports announcing the word of the year according to one or more authorities. These pieces imply or overtly suggest that these selections are keywords for our society’s values, beliefs, and obsessions. But a glance at such choices reveals that these words are the linguistic equivalent of candy satisfying (or not sometimes they’re the equivalent of chocolate-covered brussels sprouts) but not sustaining. The following lists of the top word for each year of the past decade suggest that one year’s byword can be the next year’s punch line (or a least a later period’s â€Å"Huh?†): Merriam-Webster 2010: austerity 2009: admonish 2008: bailout 2007: w00t 2006: truthiness 2005: integrity 2004: blog 2003: democracy American Dialect Society 2010: app 2009: tweet 2008: bailout 2007: subprime 2006: plutoed 2005: truthiness 2004: red state/blue state 2003: metrosexual 2002: weapons of mass destruction 2001: 9-11 (most often styled 9/11) Global Language Monitor 2011: occupy 2010: spillcam 2009: Twitter 2008: change 2007: hybrid 2006: sustainable 2005: refugee 2004: incivility 2003: embedded 2002: misunderestimate 2001: ground zero Oxford Dictionaries 2011: squeezed middle 2010: big society 2009: unfriend 2008: credit crunch 2007: footprint 2006: bovvered 2005: podcast 2004: chav Technological terms like app and tweet have variable staying power. Blog, which was ten years old when Merriam-Webster crowned it in 2004 (while app may be old enough to vote), isn’t going anywhere, nor is podcast. But eventually, many once popular terms evoke nothing more than a chuckle (â€Å"floppy disk,† anyone?). And to w00t, I say, â€Å"W00t-ever.† Jargon from economic and political contexts serves as a shorthand, but Steven Colbert’s brilliant-in-its-time truthiness is as stale as Bush-speak jokes (or perhaps I misunderestimate it), and â€Å"weapons of mass destruction† and embedded have acquired a derisive connotation their coiners did not intend. Variance in American English and British English is also an obstacle: Several of the Oxford Dictionaries selections are obscure to US readers. (â€Å"Big society† refers to localism in government, bovvered is part of a British TV character’s dismissive catchphrase â€Å"Am I bovvered?† and chav refers to a lumpen-prole UK subculture with a perplexing penchant for faux-Burberry plaid couture.) Environmentally oriented terms at least the ones in these lists seem to have legs: We’re still discussing sustainability and footprints (as in â€Å"carbon footprint†), though perhaps without the fresh vigor applied just a few years before. A couple of these lists offer a word of the year for 2011 (the other listmakers have not yet weighed in for the current year), but you are also entitled to your opinion. Which word (or phrase) do you nominate for the honor? Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Idioms About TalkingHomogeneous vs. Heterogeneous10 Varieties of Syntax to Improve Your Writing

Criminal law (case study) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Criminal law (case study) - Essay Example Actus reus of murder (and manslaughter) is the unlawful act that's done deliberately and is a significant cause of death of some person. If the court is able to prove that the defendant had intention to kill (that is, mens rea) then it is murder, not manslaughter. Running from home in panic, Joe pushed his brother who hurt himself when hit the ground. Later his brother went home and died at night from head trauma. Joe can be accused both of battery and manslaughter. Since there is an ambiguity about the term "touching" concerning battery (e.g., the Court of Appeal in Wilson v Pringle [1986] 2 All ER 440 stated that to prove battery "the touching must be proved to be a hostile touching"), we will analyze the third case later. Post-traumatic stress disorder is "an anxiety disorder in which a particularly stressful event, such as military combat, rape, or a natural disaster, brings in its aftermath intrusive mental images of experiencing a traumatic event, emotional numbness and detachment, estrangement from others2" etc. One of the common responses of people with PTSD is uncontrollable behaviour that can be expressed in fits of anger (Chemtob et al., 1997) towards other persons or even assault on them. According to Mental Health Act 1983, there are different kinds of PTSD patients' treatment, e.g., hospitalisation, guardianship, supervision and treatment. The story tells us nothing about it, but since it will be essential later, we assume two probable situations: there was no medical treatment and control of Joe's disorder; there was medical supervision and treatment, but Joe was considered harmless at that time as there were no more measures provided. Having had flashback caused by victim's actions, Joe had lost the sense of reality and behaved according to his traumatic experience. The victim screamed and it caused Joe to have an imaginary return in the traumatic situation and probably to treat the victim as an enemy soldier. Joe's mind has created a delusive situation in which ex-soldier believed that his actions are correct: such belief in moral and legal rightfulness is the first reason to plead diminished responsibility (see Bratty v AG for Northern Ireland (1963) AC 386 at 409). The second factor is total loss of control. Since there were cases when partial loss of control didn't make an acquittal (e.g., in Broome v Perkins (1987) Crim LR 271), the defendant must prove that he had no possibility to control his actions, for the burden of proof in the case of insanity lies with the defendant. Then we must prove that either insanity or automatism took place. The factor that triggered flashback was external that should prove automatism, but Joe's reactions were atypical because of his mental illness that is the inner factor. There is an opinion that "if the defendant loses control because of an illness, that is, some internal factor, he can only plead insanity" (Hill v Baxter (1958) 1 QB 277). But there is the external factor in our case, the victim's scream. We should point that Joe's reaction was atypical and unexpected, and also can refer to the case of R v Rabey (1997) (Canadian case), in which defendant battered his

Human Resource Management and the Internal Environment Essay

Human Resource Management and the Internal Environment - Essay Example HRM of one form or another are a necessary part of any company as it serves many important needs. HRM management in organisations has an increasing impact on individuals, other organisations and the community. It is important, therefore, to understand how HRM function and the pervasive influences which they exercise over the behaviour of people and organisation. Ulrich and Lake in their book "Organizational Capability: Competing from the inside out" (1990) wrote: Specifically, HRM is concerned with achieving objectives in the areas summarized below. HRM is generally identified therefore as an element or support concept. In certain organisations, however, such as employment agencies, personnel is very much part of the productive process and will be a task function. In other organisations, noticeably in service industries, the role of HRM can also be closely associated with a task function. For example, in the hotel and catering industry many members of the workforce are in direct contact with the customer and are seen as being involved in achieving the objectives of the organisation. People are part of the finished product for which the customer is paying. Customer satisfaction is likely to be affected as much by the courtesy, helpfulness and personal qualities of the staff as by the standard of food and beverage, accommodation or other facilities. This places particular importance on the personnel function. So, different organisations need t o employ different concepts of HRM in order to achieve their goals. In general, Human Resource Management is concerned more with: a long-term rather than a short-term perspective; the psychological contract based on commitment rather than compliance; self-control rather than external controls; an Unitarian rather than a pluralist perspective; an organic rather than a bureaucratic structure; integration with line management rather than specialist or professional roles; and maximum utilisation rather than cost-minimisation. HRM uses different concept providing different models of employees' treatment according to the organizational interests. The hard and soft models of HRM were introduced by John Storey in 1989. He supposes that HRM can be regarded as a "set of interrelated policies with an ideological and philosophical underpinning" (Storey 1989, p.31). The four aspects he underlines are: beliefs and assumptions; a strategic thrust; involvement of line managers; a set of techniques to improve the relationship. John Storey (1989) expresses this as follows: In stereotyped form HRM appears capable of making good each of the main shortcomings of personnel management. Its performance and delivery are integrated into line management: the aim shifts from merely securing compliance to the more ambitious one of winning commitment (Storey 1989, p. 33). Hard and soft approaches are concerned with the business-oriented and human-oriented aspects within an organisational

Lease vs Buy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Lease vs Buy - Research Paper Example The acquisition or lease of the transportation equipment is critical to the nature of the company’s business of bringing its guests to different locations to areas which would further enhance the company’ s delivery of value to its customers. What should the company do? ABC Company plans to acquire transportation equipment or two buses with a five year life and a total cost of $40 million which will transport clients to different areas as a way of adding value to its services. A bank is ready and will to provide a loan for the acquisition. The company can borrow the required $40 million, using a 10 percent loan to be amortized over five years. Therefore the loan will call for payments of $10.4 million per year as can be estimated using a financial calculator. As an alternative, ABC can lease the equipment for five years at a rental charge of $11.2 million per year, payable also at the end of the year. If it is lease, the equipment will not be owned and the risk of loss will belong still to the XYZ Company as lessor. However, ABC Company will be liable pay to annual rental for five years from which tax benefits can also be derived. If it decides to buy the equipment, ABC will be able to save on tax on depreciation for the equipment and maintenance c ost. Since the lessor will own the two buses at the expiration of the lease, the company is somewhat confused on which is the better option. Relying on the comparative figures of $10.4 million payable yearly to the bank to finance acquisition and the rental payments of $11.2 million for yearly payments looks somewhat incomplete to ABC Company without including other factors which can be further quantified. The lease payment schedule is established by XYZ Company the potential lessor with the $11.2 million for five years was given to ABC Company and the latter is at present stage of

Our aim is to investigate how much quicker Essay Example for Free

Our aim is to investigate how much quicker Essay Aim:- Our aim is to investigate how much quicker a reaction happens if the acid we uses strength goes up, and also to see if there is a pattern which could be carried on to higher strength acids. Background Science:- Chemical reactions play a very important part in our life, some even keep us alive (the process of our digestion system is a series of chemical reactions which convert food into chemicals which can be more easily used by our bodies), other circumstances where chemical reactions are used in our bodies that cut down the amount of acid in your stomach, there are also chemicals in washing powder for removing stains by using chemicals called enzymes which speed up the breakdown of the chemicals in stains. All chemical reactions happen at various speeds, such as chemicals in fireworks which react very fast, within seconds of the firework being lit the reaction is over. Slow chemical reactions could be such things as the ripening of cheese so it can mature over time. Some adhesives we use require two chemicals to be mixed depending on the amounts used it could make the glue harden quickly or slowly. Some reactions happen slowly whereas some happen very fast. The name in which we measure a speed of a reaction is called a Rate Of Reaction. It can be measured in two ways, either the rate in which one of the products is produced, one of the products that is produced is gas, you can measure gas in a syringe or in a upturned burette. Another method that can be used is recording mass of the reactant, (how much the mass has added to its weight of lost). The mass could be recorded every minute and could be written like this, 1. 0g/60secs. Variables:- We had four variables to choose from, Temperature, Concentration, Surface area/Pressure and Catalyst. If we were to use temperature we would measure how much quicker the reaction would go if the acid and calcium were heated together, but we would have to keep the temperature at a constant heat as it wouldnt be a fair test if the reactants were getting hotter and colder. If we were to use a catalyst it would be used to speed up the reaction, but this would be unfair because we wouldnt be able to measure how much extra speed is being put in by the catalyst. Or we could change the surface area of the reactant, this would give the acid more of a area to act on, to measure this we would have to weigh the calcium first then expose it to the acid for a certain time and then take it out and weigh it, making sure we use the same concentration of acid each time to make it a fair test. We decided to use Concentration, for this we would change the strength of concentration each time and take a volume of gas that is given off every ten seconds. From choosing the variable Concentration we can measure the rate of gas that is being given of, this could be useful because we could work out how much gas per minute is being given off, from that we can then predict how much gas is being given off for any time you need to find. Prediction:- I think that as the strength of the acid goes up the rate of reaction will go up. Collision Theory:- I think this will happen because the higher the strength of the solution the more particles there are in the solution, which means more collisions more frequently. The acid will hit the calcium carbonate, if there is enough energy in the acid the calcium and acid will react together to give off Carbon Dioxide. The more the particles collide the faster they react. I have made a predicted graph, showing what I think the graph will look like. I have drawn in the lines of best fit showing the steepness of the line. This diagram shows how the acid particles collide with the marble chip to give off a gas. Method:- Set up apparatus as shown above. 1. Measure out desired amount of marble chips. 2. Measure out desired amount of hydrochloric acid 0. 25 mole first, then when all experiments with 1 mole have been completed go onto 0. 5 mole then 1 mole then 1. 5 and finally 2 mole. 3. Fill up the water bowl. 4. Fill measuring cylinder with water up to 100 ml. 5. Holding hand over the top of the measuring cylinder quickly turn it upside down and place it under the water (as shown above). If the water comes out refill the cylinder and try again. 6. Place tube so one end is coming up in the cylinder under water. 7. Put the marbles in the chronicle flask. 8. Pour in the hydrochloric acid and quickly affix the top with the tube coming out of it into the chronicle flask. 9. Decide at what time you will measure how much gas is given off. We decided to take a reading every 10 seconds, we also decided to start taking the readings at 30 seconds. You measure how much gas is given off by the water dropping in the measuring cylinder. E. g. 10 mls given off in the first 30 seconds. 10. Take these readings for 100 seconds using a stop watch to be precise. I am going to take 3 repeats, I am doing 3 because I can get a fair average from these 3 results. From the averages I will plot a graph to compare the different strength acids. Analysis:- (Graphs). From my graphs I clearly show the variable of different strengths of acids. As I used higher strength acids, the time in which the gas was produced got much faster. As the acids get stronger the lines become more inline. Whereas the 0. 5 points were all over the place. From my results I can see that my prediction was correct I think that as the strength of the acid goes up the rate of reaction will go up. I could see that from my results the strength of acid went up and the speed it took to make the gas went down. This links to the collision theory, that is that as the strength of the acid went up there were more particles to collide on the marble, which meant that more gas was given of due to more particles in the small mixture. The higher the strength of acid the more accurate the results became, we can see this because the range bars get smaller as the strength of the acid gets stronger. From the predicted graph I can see a difference in the results graph. The 1 mole strength acid has taken longer than the 0. 5 mole acid to produce the gas. I will explain the possible reasons for this more in my evaluation. Evaluation:- The main difficulty we faced was with the 2 mole strength acid because it reacted so fast we barely had time to read the times precisely. This may have meant we had unfair results. The main anomalous results were the 1 mole results, because from the information we have (collision theory) it tells us that it is stronger than the 0. 5 mole which means it should be lower than on the graph than 0. 5. But it isnt. This may have been because the results were read wrong, the acid we used may have been slightly too strong or the marble chips we used may have been smaller which means it is easier for the acids to break down. To improve the accuracy we could use a burette, which are far more accurate than a measuring cylinder or a gas cylinder. Gas Syringe Burette Computer data collectors are a very accurate way of registering the time, also if you were to use a camera recorder so you could look back at it and pause it when it got to the times when you needed to record a time. The results would never be the same because sometimes the measurement of marble chips maybe slightly more or less, or the accuracy of reading the time would be slightly out etc. As I said earlier in my investigation the results seemed to become more reliable as the strength of acid went up. Although it should be less accurate to measure the time as the acid strength went up it seemed to be more accurate. James Lane 11N Rates Of Reaction Investigation.

Lorraine Hansberrys A Raisin In The Sun Essay -- Lorraine Hansberry

Lorraine Hansberry's A Raisin In The Sun A Raisin in the Sun is one of the best works of Lorraine Vivian Hansberry, in which, through a black family, the Youngers, she talks about vital issues such as poverty, gender and racial discrimination. Hansberry's play focuses mainly on the dreams of the main characters, which motivates them. The title 'A Raisin in the Sun' has been taken from the poem "Montage of a Dream Deferred" written by Langston Hughes in which he talks about the consequences when dreams are put off for later. The title is appropriate for Hansberry?s play since it shows how ?deferred dreams? of the Younger family shrivel up like ?a raisin in the sun? leading to disillusionment and leaving very little hope for the future. The Younger family includes Lena Younger, who is the head of the family; Beneatha, Lena?s daughter; Walter, Lena?s son; Ruth, wife of Walter; Travis, Walter and Ruth?s son. Other than the Younger family, Joseph Asagai shown as Beneatha?s Nigerian friend also has an important role in the play. Each of the members in Younger family has their own individual dreams. Throughout the play, their happiness and sadness depends on how successful they are in attaining their respective dreams. Walter Lee is shown as a typical African-American man who struggles and works hard to support his family and often comes up with different ideas and schemes, which would make him rich in no time and will improve the life of his family. One such scheme was to invest money, from the deceased Mr. Younger's life insurance policy, in a liquor store with his friends. When he tells Ruth about his plans over breakfast, Ruth completely ignores and tells him ?eat your eggs? over and over again. This annoys Walter and he tells her how everytime a man dreams to achieve something in life & a woman shuns him by telling him to eat his eggs. Being quiet and eating one's eggs represents an acceptance of the adversity that Walter and the rest of the Youngers face in life. He believes that it is the black women who keep the black men from achieving their dreams and he argues that Ruth should be more supportive of him. Walter believes that ?money is life? and that it will bring an end to all the misery his family is suffering from. He measures the success of a man by the amount of money and possessions he has. Walter has worked as a chauffeur most o... ...-assimilationist beliefs as well as her desire to shape her identity by looking back to her roots in Africa. Asagai is proud to belong to the African heritage and wishes to bring about modern advancement in Nigeria to improve the life of his people. He influences Beneatha greatly in a positive way, teaching her about her heritage. He tells her that she is not as independent as she thinks she is since she has to rely on the insurance money for paying the fees of her medical school. He proposes Beneatha and asks her to get a medical degree and move to Africa with him. He will teach and lead the people, and she can practice medicine and help take care of people. Asagai and his dream enable Beneatha to discover a new energy and to reshape a new dream for herself. Throughout the play, each member of the Younger family concentrates only on their respective dreams. But by the end of the play they put the family dreams and wishes before their own. Now they have one common dream ? that of owning a house, which will be important for the family?s welfare and will keep them united. They eventually move out of their small over-crowded apartment, fulfilling the family's long-held dream.

Best Buy Market Segmentation

Best Buy Canada Ltd is a fully owned subsidiary of Best Buy Co. Inc with its headquarter in Burnaby, BC. Best Buy Co. Inc acquired the Canada-based electronics-chain Future Shop Inc in 2001. The company opened its first Canadian Best Buy store in Mississauga, Ontario the following year. 1 Today, with more than 51 stores across Canada, Best Buy Canada has become the fastest growing and the largest retailers and e-tailers of consumer electronics, entertainment products, accessories and services in Canada. 2 There are many reasons to which we chose Best Buy Canada as our research subject. First of all, it is a very well known retailer and can be easily related to. Secondly, the company fits well in our research structure and many of the concepts in marketing applies to Best Buy Canada as well. Lastly, we believe Best Buy Canada is largely an ethical and socially responsible company that has brought positive impact throughout our community. Best Buy Canada’s mission statement and objective is â€Å"To improve people's lives by making technology and entertainment products affordable and easy to use†. The four core values of the company are â€Å"Having fun while being the best†, â€Å"Learning from challenge and change†, â€Å"Showing respect, humility and integrity† and â€Å"Unleashing the power of our people† 4 In addition to being the biggest retailer of consumer electronics like big screen TVs, computers, cameras and entertainment products i n Canada, Best Buy Canada also has many exclusive brands such as Insignia, Dynex and RocketFish etc . covering a wide range of electronic products and accessories. Geek Squad – a 24 hour computer repair and tech support taskforce, enables Best Buy to offer its customers convenient installation and repair services. Since Best Buy Canada itself does not produce any real products, we are interested in the way Best Buy runs its retail business in the consumer electronics market. We are also interest in how Best Buy Canada attracts different groups of people with different needs and analyze its marketing strategy for staying competitive in the market.

Types of spoofing

Chapter 2: Types of Spoofing2.1 Distributed Denial of Service AttackThe IP spoofing is largely used in Distributed denial of service onslaughts ( DDoS ) , in which hackers are concerned with devouring bandwidth and resources by deluging the mark host machine with as many packages as possible in a short span of clip. To efficaciously carry oning the onslaught, hackers spoof beginning IP addresses to do tracing and halting the DDoS every bit hard as possible. Here the aggressor scans internet and identifies the hosts with known exposures and compromise them to put in onslaught plan and so exploits the exposures to derive the root entree. [ 6 ]2.2 Non-blind spoofingThis type of onslaught takes topographic point when the hacker is on the same subnet as the mark that can see sequence and recognition of every package. This type of spoofing is session commandeering and an aggressor can short-circuit any hallmark steps taken topographic point to construct the connexion. This is achieved by p erverting the DataStream of an established connexion, so re-establishing it based on right sequence and acknowledgement Numberss with the onslaught host machine.2.2 Blind spoofingThis type of onslaughts may take topographic point from outside where sequence and acknowledgement Numberss are non approachable. Hackers normally send several packages to the mark host machine in order to try sequence Numberss, which is suited in old yearss. Now a yearss, about every OSs implement random sequence figure coevals for the packages, doing it hard to foretell the sequence figure of packages accurately. If, nevertheless, the sequence figure was compromised, information can be sent to the mark host machine.2.4 Man in the Middle AttackThis onslaught is besides known as connexion oriented highjacking. In this onslaught chiefly the aggressor or the interrupter will assail the legal communicating between two parties and eliminates or modifies the information shared between the two hosts without their cognition. This is how the aggressor will gull a mark host and steal the informations by hammering the original host ‘s individuality. In the TCP communicating desynchronized province is given by connexion oriented highjacking. Desynchronized connexion is that when the package sequence figure varies for the standard package and the expected packet.TCP bed will make up one's mind whether to buffer the package or fling it depending on the existent value of the standard sequence figure. Packages will be discarded or ignored when the two machines are desynchronized. Attacker may shoot spoofed packages with the exact sequence Numberss and alteration or insert messages to the communicating. By remaining on the communicating way between two hosts attacker can modify or alter packages. Making the desynchronized province in the web is the cardinal construct of this onslaught. [ 12 ]2.5 DecisionAssorted types of IP spoofing and its onslaughts are explained in this chapter. Here we have discussed about four types of burlesquing onslaughts like Distributed Denial of Service Attack, Non-blind spoofing, blind burlesquing and Man-in-the-middle onslaught, and besides how these onslaughts can make jobs to destination machines. Various Security demands are discussed in the following chapter.Chapter 3: Security Requirements3.1 Network security demandsThe Internet became the largest public information web, enabling both personal and concern communications worldwide. Day to twenty-four hours the information trafficking is increasing exponentially over the internet universe and besides in the corporate webs. As the engineering is developing the velocity of communicating is increasing via electronic mail ; nomadic workers, telecommuters. Internet is besides used chiefly to link corporate webs to the subdivision offices. As the technolgy developed the use of cyberspace has became more and besides use of different engineerings became more at the same clip security menace besides became more and gave opportunity to more faulties to make at that place things.so the corporations utilizing them should protect and increase the security.The web onslaughts became really serious as they are more effectual for the concerns because they store the of import and sensitive informations, as the personal banking records or the concern and medical studies. If the onslaught is done on such sort of corporates it is really hard to retrieve the doomed informations which besides leads to free the privateness and takes batch of clip to retrieve.The cyberspace would besides be the safest manner to make the concern Despite the dearly-won hazards.For illustration, It is non safe to give the recognition card inside informations to the telemarketer through the phone or even a server in the restaurent this is more hazardous than give the inside informations in the web because security engineering will protect electronic commercialism minutess. The telemarketers and servers may non be that safer or trustworthy because we can non supervise them all the clip. The fright of security jobs could be harmful to concerns as existent security voilates. Due to the misgiving on the cyberspace the fright and the intuition of computing machines still exists.For the administrations that depends on the web will diminish there oppurtunities due to this misgiving. To avoid this security constabularies should be purely taken by the companies and besides instate the precautions that are effective.To protect their clients Organizations should adequately pass on. Companies should take the security stairss to non merely protect there clients from security breaches but besides there employers and the spouses information which are of import for them. Internet, intranet and extranet are used by the employers and the spouses for the efficient and the fast communication.These communicating and the efficiency should be looked after because they are more effectd by the web onslaughts. Attackers do the onslaught straight because this takes the tonss of clip for the employers to retrieve and reconstruct the lost informations and takes much clip even in the web harm control. loss of clip and valuble informations could greatly impact employee effectivity and assurance. The other chief ground for the demand of web security is the Legislation. harmonizing to the serveys conducted by the authorities they came to cognize about the importance of cyberspace for the universes economic position, they besides recognize that the aggressors consequence on the cyber space could besides do the economic harm to the universe. National authoritiess are mounting Torahs to modulate the huge watercourse of electronic information. Companies developed the schemes to procure the day of the month in the safe manner in conformity to set up the ordinances given by government.The companies which does non take security constabularies to protect the information conformity will be voilated and penalized.3.2 System security demandsIn these yearss supplying security had became a tough undertaking for all the bisiness and the different administrations. Security must be provided to the clients and the of import informations to safeguard them from the malicious and nonvoluntary leaks.Information is really of import for every endeavor, it may be the usage records or rational belongings. By the CIOs it became possible to clients, employees and spouses to acquire the informations in fraction of seconds.The cost of money besides became more to make all these things.Ther e are three grounds for which this information may fall in hazard they are ( I ) when the concern procedure interruptions down ( two ) employee mistake ( three ) spreads in security. Hazard is so from client and competitory force per unit areas, regulative and corporate conformity, and the lifting cost promotion of informations leaks Information one of the of import resources of fiscal establishment ‘s. To maintain the trust between the spouses or develop the assurance in the clients it is more of import to supply the good security which will be helpful for the good traveling and the repute of the company. At the same clip reliable information is necessary to treat minutess and comfirm client determinations. A fiscal establishment ‘s net income and capital can be affected if the information leaks to unauthorised companies. Information security is one of of import procedure by which an organisation protects and secures its systems, media, and maintain information of import to its operations. The fiscal establishments have a great duties to protect the states fiscal service infrastucture On a wide criterion. The fiscal security of the client will beside s depends on the security provided to the industry systems and its informations.effective security programs should be taken by the Individual fiscal establishments and their service providersfor their operational complexness.there should be a strong and effectual board to keep and take attention of these security policies in order to protect the company from the security menaces or any other malicious attacks.there should be a regular guidance to the administrations on the security precations they take to supply the companies, so that we can acquire the more effectual consequences and can better the administrations security degree aswell. organisations frequently inaccurately recognize information security as status of controls. As the Security is an on-going procedure in overall security stance the status of a fiscal establishment depends on the index. Other indexs include the power of the establishment to continually measure its stance and react appropriately in the face of quickl y changing menaces, engineerings, and concern conditions. A fiscal establishment establishes and maintains truly effectual information security when it continuously integrates procedures, people, and engineering to palliate hazard in conformity with hazard appraisal and acceptable hazard tolerance degrees. By establishing a security procedure fiscal establishments secure there risks they recognizes hazards, forms a strategy to pull off the hazards, implements the strategy, tests the executing, and proctors the ambiance to pull off the hazards. A fiscal establishment outsources all of their information processing. Examiners use this brochure while measuring the fiscal establishment ‘s hazard direction procedure, including the duties, responsibilities, and occupation of the service beginning for information security and the oversight exercised by the fiscal establishment. [ 3 ]3.3 Information security demandsAn information security scheme is a program to palliate hazards while s taying by with legal, Statutory, internally and contractual developed demands. Typical stairss to constructing a scheme include the definition of control aims, the appraisal and designation of attacks to run into the aims, the choice of controls, prosodies, the constitution of benchmarks and the readying of execution and proving programs. The pick of controls is typically depends on cost comparing of different strategic attacks to minimise the hazard.The cost comparing typically contrasts the costs of different attacks with the possible additions a fiscal establishment could recognize in footings of increased handiness, confidentality or unity of systems and informations. These additions may include reduced fiscal losingss, improved client assurance, regulative conformity and positive audit findings. Any peculiar attack should see the followersPolicies, processs and criterionsTechnology designResource dedicationTesting andTraining.For illustration, an establishment ‘s directio n may be measuring the right strategic attack to the security supervision of activities for an Internet environment. There are two possible attacks identified for rating. The first attack utilizes a combination of web and host detectors with a staffed supervision centre. The 2nd attack consists of every twenty-four hours entree log scrutiny. The first option is judged much more capable of observing an onslaught in clip to cut down any harm to the establishment and its informations, even though at a much more cost. The added cost is wholly appropriate when establishment processing capablenesss and the client informations are exposed to an onslaught, such as in an Internet banking sphere. The 2nd attack may be suited when the primary hazard is reputational harm, such as when the Web site is non connected to other fiscal establishment systems and if the lone information is protected is an information-only Web site.